A circle with gears in it sandwiched between a shield with a circle with gears on top of it with the title "Azure Cybersecurity Labs" Azure Cybersecurity Labs - Part Five Next up is Azure Cybersecurity Labs - Part Five. Checkov is a static code analysis tool for scanning infrastructure as code (IaC) files for misconfigurations that may lead to security or compliance problems. Checkov includes more than 750 predefined policies to check for common misconfiguration issues. Checkov also supports the creation and contribution of custom policies . Supported IaC types Checkov scans these IaC file types: Terraform (for AWS, GCP, Azure and OCI) CloudFormation (including AWS SAM) Azure Resource Manager (ARM) Serverless framework Helm charts Kubernetes Docker This lab shows how to install Checkov, run a scan, and analyze the results. Install Pip3 and Python pip3 is the official package manager and pip command for Python 3. It enables the installation and management of third-party software packages with features and functionality not found in the Python standard library. Pip3 installs packages from PyPI (Python Package Index). You can get it by installing the latest version of Python here. Install Checkov From PyPI Using Pip pip3 install checkov Make a Terraform Directory and Move There mkdir ~/checkov-example cd ~/checkov-example Create main.tf file with VS Code code main.tf Paste Code into File, Save, then Exit resource "aws_s3_bucket" "foo-bucket" { # same resource configuration as previous example, but acl set for public access. acl = "public-read" } data "aws_caller_identity" "current" {} Format the file terraform fmt Execute Checkov Make sure you're in the directory where your Terraform is. checkov -f main.tf Results Checkov result showing failed check It's that simple. As you can see, Checkov runs and it notes that there were 8 failed checks, including Public read access enabled. If you click on the link, it will take you to a guide that explains the failure in more detail and teaches you how to fix it. Checkov checks for all standard configuration and security errors in your Terraform code BEFORE deploying it. Anytime you download a Terraform script to execute in your environment, you will want to run Checkov to ensure that it meets your standards for configuration. In the next blog, wrapping up this series, we will check a Terraform configuration file for issues with Checkov, deploy it to Azure, and use the open-source tool Prowler to perform a security best practices assessment of your Azure environment. The report generated can be used to present your recommendations for remediation to small and medium-sized businesses. You will now be able to create a gig on Fiverr, Upwork, or the likes and conduct low-cost cloud security assessments. Remember to continue your education to pass the Terraform Associate exam.

In today's digital age, the demand for cybersecurity professionals is soaring. Among these roles, the Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst stands out. A SOC Analyst is crucial to protecting organizations from cyber threats by monitoring and analyzing security incidents. If you want to build a successful career in this field, understanding the skills required to thrive as a SOC Analyst is essential. A SOC "Bullpen" Arrangement SOC Analyst Career Overview A SOC Analyst's primary responsibility is to defend an organization’s digital assets from cyber threats. They continuously monitor security systems, identify potential vulnerabilities, and respond to security incidents. Because of the highly dynamic nature of the cyber threat landscape, SOC Analysts must possess a diverse set of skills. Let’s dive into the key competencies you must develop for a successful SOC Analyst career. Technical Skills and Knowledge To be an effective SOC Analyst, you must have a strong technical foundation. This includes: Understanding networking protocols like TCP/IP, DNS, and HTTP is critical. You should know how data travels over the network, how devices communicate, and what potential vulnerabilities may arise. If asked, "When I type in google.com tell me what happens and how you end up with the webpage." Familiarity with operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and UNIX will enhance your understanding of the environments you must protect. Each OS has different security features and vulnerabilities. SOC Analysts use various tools to monitor, detect, and respond to security incidents. Get hands-on experience with security information and event management (SIEM) tools like Splunk. We have a Splunk cyber range here at Cyber NOW. Knowing how to respond to incidents is essential. This involves identifying the threat, mitigating it, and documenting the process. Investing time in these technical skills will not only make you more proficient but also increase your employability in the cybersecurity field. A person with perfect ergonomics in front of a desktop computer. Soft Skills and Communication While technical skills are vital, soft skills should not be overlooked. SOC Analysts often work in teams and must communicate effectively. Here are some essential soft skills to develop: You'll encounter complex issues daily. Being able to think critically and solve problems under pressure is key to success. Cybersecurity often relies on spotting minor issues that could lead to significant security breaches. A keen eye makes all the difference. You’ll need to clearly articulate security issues to technical and non-technical stakeholders. Being able to write concise reports about security incidents is also crucial. In a SOC, collaboration is essential. Working well with others can help mitigate threats more efficiently. Enhancing these soft skills can elevate your career and make you a more valuable asset to any security team. Relevant Certifications Certifications can strengthen your CV and demonstrate your commitment to the field. Here is the recommended certification for aspiring SOC Analysts: CompTIA Security+ A professional opens a book, illuminating herself; literati strikes in B/W Continuous Learning and Development The rapidly evolving nature of technology and cyber threats means that cybersecurity professionals must continuously learn. Here are ways to stay updated: Attend cybersecurity conferences, join local meetups, and engage online through forums, groups, Discord , Slack, Mastodon, X, LinkedIn, and social networks. Interacting with industry professionals can provide insights and job opportunities. Stay informed by reading blogs, whitepapers, and news articles related to cybersecurity. Websites such as this and the SANS Institute are excellent resources for the latest trends and threats. Finding a mentor in the field can offer invaluable real-world experience. A mentor can provide guidance, share insights, and help you navigate your career path more effectively. Continuously improving your skills and knowledge can position you as a leader in the SOC Analyst role. Real-World Experience Nothing compares to practical experience. Here are some ways to gain hands-on experience in cybersecurity: Many organizations offer internships for aspiring SOC Analysts. Even a junior position can provide valuable insight and experience. Offer your skills to non-profit organizations or local businesses to help them improve their security posture. This not only enhances your skills but expands your portfolio. Set up your own lab at home using the cloud. Document your projects before you destroy them on your favorite cloud. Every bit of experience counts, so be proactive in seeking out opportunities that will directly contribute to your growth as a SOC Analyst. Navigating Your Career Path Embarking on a SOC Analyst career involves careful planning and awareness of industry trends. Consider the following when navigating your career path: Define short and long-term goals to create a roadmap for your career. This helps you stay focused and motivated. As you gain experience, think about potential specializations within cybersecurity. Areas like threat hunting, malware analysis, or security orchestration can offer exciting career paths. Keep an eye on job postings and industry demand to see which skills are sought after. This can guide your learning and professional development. You can find a job board for SOC analysts and Helpdesk on this site. Cybersecurity is a field that requires constant adaptation to new challenges. A willingness to learn and evolve is crucial for success. By following these steps and remaining open to opportunities, you can carve a successful career as a SOC Analyst. Building a career as a SOC Analyst requires dedication, continuous learning, and the development of both technical and soft skills. Embracing both aspects will not only prepare you for the challenges ahead but also set you up for long-term success in the world of cybersecurity. For those serious about pursuing this path, consider starting your journey with soc analyst training .

In today's digital age, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. As technology advances, so do cybercriminals' tactics, making it crucial for both individuals and organizations to stay informed and capable of defending against cyber threats. One of the most effective and engaging ways to deepen your understanding of this field is through webinars. Cybersecurity webinars have become vital in expanding knowledge and skill sets for professionals at all levels. Cybersecurity Webinars Webinars offer an accessible platform for learning. They allow participants to engage with industry experts, gain insights, and ask real-time questions. Unlike traditional classroom settings, webinars provide flexibility; they can be attended from anywhere, as long as there’s an internet connection. Moreover, accessing recorded sessions means that participants can revisit the material as needed. This is particularly beneficial in the fast-evolving world of cybersecurity, where new vulnerabilities and solutions emerge almost daily. Padlock Inside a Circle Showing No Vulnerability / Appears to be a GIS System A recent study by Cybersecurity Ventures predicted that by 2025, cybercrime will cost the world $10.5 trillion annually. This statistic is a stark reminder of why ongoing learning in cybersecurity is paramount. Webinars fill the gap between formal education and real-world application, making it easier for individuals to stay updated with the latest trends and tactics in the cyber landscape. Moreover, educational webinars often feature real-life technical showcases that allow participants to understand the consequences of cyber attacks through real-life examples. This engaging format not only educates but also encourages proactive measures in cybersecurity practices. Benefits of Participating in Cybersecurity Webinars There are several benefits to participating in cybersecurity webinars: Webinars often feature guest speakers who are renowned experts in the field. These sessions provide you with unique insights into their experiences and knowledge. Many webinars allow participants to interact in chat rooms or forums. This can lead to invaluable networking opportunities and enhance your professional connections. You can attend webinars hosted anywhere without traveling. This makes it easier to find specialized topics that interest you. Webinars are often free or much cheaper than traditional classes. Many organizations offer these sessions to provide ongoing education to their workforce without breaking the bank. In an era where the demand for cybersecurity professionals outpaces supply, staying informed is not just an option - it's a necessity. A bite was taken from the forbidden fruit, and an intelligent person bought a journal. The Triad of Cybersecurity When discussing cybersecurity, it’s essential to understand the foundational principles that guide many practices: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality  ensures that sensitive information is accessible only to those authorized. Techniques such as encryption and access controls are commonly used to uphold confidentiality. Integrity refers to the accuracy and reliability of data. Maintaining data integrity involves measures to prevent unauthorized modifications. Data validation and checksums are two methods used to ensure information remains correct. Availability ensures that authorized users have access to information and resources when needed. Reliable systems and proper maintenance practices help achieve high availability, critical during peak usage. Understanding these three fundamental principles can significantly enhance your cybersecurity knowledge and make you more adept at implementing best practices within your organization. How to Get the Most Out of Webinars To maximize the benefits of attending cybersecurity webinars, consider the following strategies: Familiarize yourself with the topic. If you know what will be discussed, you will derive more value from the discussion. Ask questions and participate in discussions. Engaging actively can reinforce what you've learned and provide greater clarity on complex subjects. Documenting essential points will help you retain information and provide material for future reference. After the session, connect with the speaker or other attendees on professional networks like LinkedIn. This can open doors for future conversations and learning opportunities. Apply the concepts and strategies discussed in the webinar to your own work or studies. This hands-on approach solidifies your understanding. By utilizing these strategies, you can transform your webinar experience from a passive activity into a proactive learning opportunity. Future of Cybersecurity Education The landscape of cybersecurity education is changing rapidly, with webinars playing an increasingly critical role. As technological advancements continue, it is paramount to embrace updated educational tools. The convenience and effectiveness of online learning platforms make webinars a key component in ongoing professional development. Furthermore, organizations are taking notice. Many companies invest in webinars to upskill their employees. This not only fosters a culture of continuous learning but also strengthens the organization's overall security posture. As you embark on your journey in cybersecurity, consider exploring platforms that offer specialized training and sessions. Websites like CyberNow Education provide many resources to enhance your knowledge and skills in this ever-evolving field. With the right tools, and a commitment to ongoing learning, you can build a career that not only meets the demands of the present but also anticipates the challenges of the future.

Beginning a career in cyber from the position of an Aspiring SOC Analyst is a labor-intensive, exciting, intense, and up-and-coming journey that many hope works out. Salaries for knowledgeable, determined, and ambitious cyber professionals can absolutely reach the 300s. However, the need for cyber professionals is changing rapidly due to the increasing number of breaches. To meet this demand, AI and automation are stepping in to alleviate some of the workload of the human capital and balance the insatiable demand for IT. If you are considering becoming a cyber professional but feel daunted because you have no experience, do not worry. This guide will explain the steps to jump-start you into a rewarding cyber career. These are the Steps to Start a SOC Analyst Career with No Experience. Understanding the Cybersecurity Career Landscape Cybersecurity is a broad field that encompasses various roles, from network security to penetration testing, risk assessment, and compliance. More than just technical skills, a successful career in this domain often requires critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, advanced reading and writing, and a willingness to keep learning. A Security Operations Center Arrangement Known as the Bullpen. Tyler Dislikes These. No Privacy by Design The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects employment in cybersecurity roles to grow by 31% from 2019 to 2029, far faster than the average for all occupations. It is interesting to note that today, we do not see growth, but our perspective is short-term. According to the authority on labor statistics, a long-term increase in cybersecurity is still expected. As cyber threats evolve, the demand for qualified professionals rises, making now an excellent time to consider this career path. I believe advancements in human labor and Artificial Intelligence can meet these challenges together. Educational Pathways While some roles may require specific degrees, many entry-level positions do not. Here are some recommended paths to take: You may pursue an associate's degree in information technology or cybersecurity. Alternatively, universities offer specialized bachelor’s and master’s programs focusing on cybersecurity. Stick to public brick-and-mortar institutions, and typically, Computer Science degrees are more conducive to entry-level positions in cybersecurity. Computer Science degrees are very technical, whereas many Cybersecurity programs teach high-level policy that you won't use for many years. If you must choose an online school, WGU has a good reputation, and you'll come out of the program with something. It's cheap. It is a public institution. Avoid private online schools. Industry-recognized certifications can validate your skills to potential employers. Start with certifications such as CompTIA Security+. Cyber NOW Education offers affordable courses on cybersecurity fundamentals. These can be a great way to acquire knowledge without committing to a full-time degree program or supplementing formal learning. Person Computing the Square and Circle. They are Together. Start a SOC Analyst Career with No Experience Experience is essential, but can be gained even without a formal job in cybersecurity. Explore internships that provide hands-on experience in the field. Internships often lead to full-time positions and help you build a network. Many organizations, especially non-profits, seek individuals to assist with their cybersecurity needs. This can be an excellent way to gain real-world experience. Create a Medium blog and document your cloud-based projects. Medium is best because it has a built-in audience of millions of Tech people, and its SEO is really fantastic. Your name will become searchable on Google. Careful what you comment because those get indexed as well. Just be supportive of everyone and seldom critical. Participate in capture-the-flag (CTF) competitions. These events simulate real-world scenarios and allow you to develop and showcase your skills. Focus more on CTF programs that require you to work on a team. Less TryHackMe, more CCDC or similar. Networking in the Cybersecurity Community Building a professional network can significantly help your career. Online forums such as Reddit’s cybersecurity subreddits or specialized groups on LinkedIn can provide valuable insights and networking opportunities. Consider attending cybersecurity conferences and workshops. Events like OWASP, DEF CON Groups, 2600, ISACA, ISC2, Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, and local meetups can connect you with industry professionals and potential employers. Follow influential figures in cybersecurity on X, Mastodon, or LinkedIn. There is a significant presence of cybersecurity professionals on both X and Mastodon for less formal discussions. LinkedIn is typically reserved for formal debate. Engaging with their content can keep you updated on industry trends and job openings. Dave Kennedy from TrustedSec is a good name to follow if you want to see what a humble beginning in cybersecurity could turn out to be. Taimur Ijlal of Cloud Security Guy has a YouTube channel, a Medium blog, and a Substack, and he also creates courses for us. Gladys Ijih of Cyber Potential regularly posts jobs. John Strand and Jason Blanchard of Black Hills Information Security have quite a few resources. You might like Krebs, though he is more of a controversial, polarized character these days. Also, I am on LinkedIn. Is Cybersecurity a 9-5 Job? While many cybersecurity positions may operate within standard business hours, the nature of the field often requires flexibility. Cybersecurity professionals may be on call during off-hours to respond to security breaches or system failures. Many companies require security teams to monitor networks continuously. As a SOC analyst, if you work at an MSSP, you'll be customer-facing and take inbound calls. These positions typically are not on call. SOC analysts who work at an internal SOC at a medium-sized company are generally on call. Internal SOCs at large companies usually aren't on call. Researching Job Opportunities When you feel ready to enter the job market, researching available positions is crucial. Websites like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn have dedicated sections for cybersecurity roles. Search for "SOC Analyst," "Information Security Analyst", "Cybersecurity Analyst", and "Cyber Security Analyst". Don’t hesitate to check the career pages of companies you’re interested in. Direct applications sometimes yield better chances as they are less competitive than general job boards. Some agencies specialize in IT and cybersecurity roles. Connect with them for guidance and potential job placements. SOC analyst positions are now often hiring by referrals only because the application process is broken . A Person Taking Notes and Studying About What He Is Seeing For the First Time Preparing for Interviews Once you begin applying, preparation is key to securing interviews. Here are some tips: Familiarize yourself with typical interview questions for cybersecurity roles. These can include technical queries and situational questions that assess your problem-solving skills. Employers value candidates who show enthusiasm for cybersecurity. Discuss recent security breaches or interesting issues you've followed in the industry. Consider conducting mock interviews with friends or mentors to build confidence and refine your responses. Continual Learning and Growth Cybersecurity is not a static field. Continuous learning is essential. Follow industry news and updates from the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Staying informed can give you a competitive edge. As you gain experience, aim for intermediate certifications like EC-Council's Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) and advanced certifications like Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP). Understand that cybersecurity roles have multiple pathways. As you grow, consider exploring specializations in cloud security, security engineering, application security, or security architecture. Final Thoughts on Your SOC Analyst Career Journey Starting a career in the SOC without prior experience might seem challenging. Still, by following the steps outlined in this guide, you can successfully jump-start your vehicle for a long, rewarding journey in cyber. Education, networking, hands-on projects, and a commitment to continual learning will set you on you're road. Remember, every expert was once a beginner. Embrace the frustrations, and you’ll soon thrive in this dynamic and exciting field. Getting a job as a SOC analyst is 70% experience, 15% certifications, and 15% degree.

Navigating Challenges and Standing Out In the Current Job Market Is Cybersecurity Still a Good Career in 2025? The Real Story The Cybersecurity Job market in 2025 is a tale of two extremes. The demand for skilled professionals is there, BUT the competition remains intense If you’ve been feeling like the job market has hit the pause button, you’re not alone. Many white-collar professionals, especially in tech, are grappling with uncertainty about the future. This limbo period forces us to reassess strategies to stand out in an evolving and competitive landscape. In this article, I want to go over the current state of the market and key strategies to stand out Hopefully, this helps aspiring cybersecurity job seekers to stand out in a tough market! This is Is Cybersecurity Still a Good Career in 2025? The Real Story. The Cybersecurity Job Market In 2025 1. High Demand + High Competition Cybersecurity is and will remain a hot field The problem is the recent tech layoffs and an increasing influx of fresh graduates have flooded the market Standing out is harder than ever before Landing a job demands more than certifications; hands-on experience, such as building security projects or engaging in practical labs, is essential. Keep this in mind as we progress. 2. The Economy is still tough The tech industry is still going through a rough patch Tech budget cuts, outsourcing and overall gloominess is ever-present While these challenges are more pronounced in software development, they also have ripple effects in cybersecurity. For example: AI and automation continue to take over repetitive tasks, pushing cybersecurity professionals to upskill and specialize in areas like threat hunting and advanced incident response. Companies increasingly hire remote and overseas talent, heightening competition in the job market. Organizations scrutinize cybersecurity budgets, emphasizing cost-efficiency and measurable returns on investment. Key Strategies to Stand Out in 2025 Given the market’s realities, here are actionable ways to distinguish yourself as a cybersecurity job seeker or professional: 1. Bridge the Gap Between Theory and Practice As I mentioned earlier putting certs and courses on your profile are no longer enough They may get you through the initial screening from HR but CISOs want to see what skills you bring to the table Build practical projects such as: A home labs, such as a personal cloud sandbox, using cloud platforms like Azure or AWS. Practice developing incident response plans and executing tabletop exercises. Showcase projects on platforms like GitHub, creating a portfolio that demonstrates applied knowledge. Practical experience signals to employers that you have hands-on skills to complement theoretical knowledge. 2. Adapt to AI and Automation AI is not going anywhere for the next decade or so It is transforming cybersecurity, automating routine tasks like log analysis and malware detection. If your job involves doing something monotonous like log review or patching then you need to upskill FAST Professionals must embrace tools that incorporate AI while upskilling in areas requiring human judgment, such as: Threat intelligence and behavioral analysis. Security architecture design. Ethical hacking and penetration testing. AI Governance 3. Improve your Soft Skills Technical skills will get you in the door .. soft skills will keep you there You have to be able to communicate technical stuff without drowning people in jargon Practicing soft skills like active listening, presentation, and effective communication can make or break your career. 5. Focus on Emerging Opportunities While traditional roles like Cloud Security remain important, emerging areas like securing generative AI and quantum computing are gaining traction Professionals who can align their skills with these cutting-edge domains will find themselves in demand. 6. Networking and Personal Branding LinkedIn is more than just the place to post your recent cert I have stressed time and time again about the value of a personal brand Building an online presence through LinkedIn, YouTube, or personal blogs allows you to showcase expertise, connect with industry leaders, and attract opportunities. Polish up your LinkedIn profile and then just social media to push traffic towards it! 8. Stay Resilient The market is tough right now, and anyone who says differently is delusional Landing a cybersecurity role may take time, especially in a saturated market. Diversifying your job search to include adjacent roles (e.g., IT support with a security focus) can be a stepping stone into the field. Hang in there, and you will 100% see the fruit of your patience Good luck in the amazing year ahead of you !

Do Not Lie During Cybersecurity Interviews .. Do This Instead Let me tell you about a person I know .. let’s call him Kevin Kevin had an interview lined up for a Security Operations Center (SOC) analyst role which he was really keen about. Kevin, an ambitious candidate, was asked about his experience with threat hunting tools. Though Kevin had only dabbled in them during his training, he decided to exaggerate his expertise, hoping it would impress the panel. This is Do Not Lie During Cybersecurity Interviews .. Do This Instead. “I’ve extensively used Splunk and CrowdStrike in live incident response scenarios,” He claimed that he fabricates stories about detecting advanced persistent threats (APTs) in critical environments. Initially, his answers seemed to land well, and the company was impressed. However, the hiring manager, an experienced SOC lead, started probing deeper as the interview progressed. He asked Kevin to walk through specific configurations in Splunk and detail how he’d created detection rules. Kevin stumbled; his answers were vague and contradictory. By the end of the interview, it was evident that Kevin had clearly overstated his abilities. The hiring manager thanked him politely but noted his lack of transparency in their feedback. Kevin didn’t get the job — not because of his limited experience, but because his dishonesty raised red flags about his integrity. Kevin’s bluffing attempt not only cost him the opportunity but also tarnished his professional reputation with that employer. Here’s how you can confidently address knowledge gaps in your interviews and turn them into strengths. 1. Acknowledge the Gap Without Hesitation When faced with a question about an area you’re unfamiliar with, start by acknowledging the gap. Trying to fake expertise is dangerous — most experienced interviewers can see through it, and it could damage your credibility. Instead, use phrases like: “I haven’t had hands-on experience with [specific technology], but I’m familiar with the underlying concepts.” This approach shows self-awareness and maturity. Cybersecurity is a vast field, and no one expects you to know everything. What they do expect is honesty. 2. Highlight Similar Experience Even if you lack direct experience with a specific tool or technology, you’ve likely worked on something similar. Drawing parallels to related experience demonstrates that you have foundational knowledge and transferable skills. For example, if you’re asked about Kubernetes but have worked with Docker, you could say: “While I don’t have hands-on experience with Kubernetes, I’ve led projects securing Docker containers. These projects involved image hardening, runtime monitoring, and implementing strict network policies — all of which are critical for container security.” This not only answers the question but also shifts the focus to your expertise, making you appear confident and resourceful. 3. Show Your Willingness to Learn Employers value candidates who are proactive about upskilling. If you’re already taking steps to bridge your knowledge gap, mention it. This shows initiative and a commitment to professional growth. For instance, you could say: “I’m actively expanding my skills in Kubernetes security and currently working through a Kubernetes security certification. I’ve also been following best practices in container orchestration to ensure I’m prepared to tackle similar challenges.” By framing your gap as an area of ongoing learning, you demonstrate a growth mindset — an essential quality for success in cybersecurity. 4. Pivot to Your Strengths After addressing the gap, steer the conversation toward your strengths. Highlight how your existing skills can be applied to the role or technology in question. For example: “My experience in container security has taught me to adapt quickly to new tools and frameworks. I’ve developed processes for securing complex environments, and I’m confident I could apply the same approach effectively to Kubernetes.” This reassures the interviewer that, while you may need some ramp-up time, you have the foundational skills and adaptability to succeed. Why This Approach Works Addressing knowledge gaps with honesty and professionalism has several advantages: Demonstrates Self-Awareness: Acknowledging what you don’t know shows confidence and maturity. It proves you’re not afraid to admit your limitations, which is a sign of integrity. Highlights Adaptability: Employers value candidates who are proactive about learning and can adapt to new challenges. By showcasing your willingness to upskill, you position yourself as a forward-thinking professional. Builds Trust: Integrity is paramount in cybersecurity. Employers need to trust you to protect their systems and data. Bluffing erodes that trust, while honesty reinforces it. Creates a Positive Impression: Pivoting to your strengths and expressing a clear desire to learn leaves the interviewer with a strong impression of your professionalism and enthusiasm. What Happens When You Bluff? Bluffing might seem tempting in the moment, but it can have serious consequences. If your bluff is uncovered during the interview, it damages your credibility and can cost you the opportunity. Worse, if you’re hired and later exposed as lacking the claimed expertise, it could harm your reputation and your team’s trust in your abilities. Cybersecurity is a field where trust and accuracy are everything. If you can’t demonstrate integrity in an interview, how can an employer trust you with their critical systems? So .. next time you face a tough question, take a deep breath, be honest, and let your strengths shine. Good luck with your interviews! Taimur Ijlal is a multi-award-winning, information security leader with over two decades of international experience in cyber-security and IT risk management in the fin-tech industry. Taimur can be connected on LinkedIn or on his YouTube channel “ Cloud Security Guy ” on which he regularly posts about Cloud Security, Artificial Intelligence, and general cyber-security career advice.

How to Choose a Cloud Security Certification? I recently wrote about how to start a career in Cloud Security in 2025 if you are starting from scratch. That is easily the number one question I get asked by professionals on LinkedIn and YouTube. The second most common is “which cloud security certification should I go for ??” There is honestly no one-size-fits-all answer to this. The right certification depends on what your career goals are PLUS your experience level. But to make this decision easy I have made this guide for you. This is How to Choose a Cloud Security Certification? In it, I am going to go over the major cloud security certs and which is the right one for you depending on your career level Cloud Security Certifications — Good or Bad ? Like them or hate them .. certifications are a necessary part of cybersecurity. It demonstrates to managers that you are serious about your area and have the necessary baseline of knowledge. But the question arises: Which Cloud Security Certification should you look at? One key point is that Cloud Security certifications fall into two categories. Platform agnostic and platform-specific Platform Agnostic : These are Certifications like CCSK and CCSP, which are not bound to any specific platform like Google, Azure, or AWS and instead focus more on technical concepts and creating a solid foundational knowledge of the cloud Platform Specific : Certifications like AWS security specialty or Azure Security Engineer are specific to a particular platform. These usually assume you know the platform you are trying to secure. If you have ZERO knowledge of cloud concepts, I would suggest going with a platform agnostic cert before attempting the platform ones. 1. Platform agnostic Certs ( CCSK or CCSP ) The discussion usually boils down to the CCSK or CCSP when discussing platform-agnostic cloud certifications. Let’s look at each in detail: CCSK ( Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge ) Offered by the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), the CSK gives an excellent in-depth overview of Cloud Security concepts such as Cloud Architecture, Identity and Access Management, Key Management, etc. The exam can be taken online and has around 60 questions. It requires you to show knowledge of fundamental cloud security concepts and has NO experience requirements. CCSP ( Certified Cloud Security Professional ) ISC2 is famous for introducing the gold standard in security certs, which is the CISSP, so everyone was quite excited when they introduced their own cloud security cert. The CCSP , similar to the CISSP, has become well respected in the industry for demonstrating cloud security expertise and is meant for people with a few years of experience in the field. It is NOT a beginner-level cert and covers the below domains in the cloud Domain 1. Cloud Concepts, Architecture, and Design Domain 2. Cloud Data Security Domain 3. Cloud Platform & Infrastructure Security Domain 4. Cloud Application Security Domain 5. Cloud Security Operations Domain 6. Legal, Risk and Compliance The CCSP benefits from the respect and credibility that ISC2 already has in the industry and that at least one year of that experience should have been in one of the above domains. CCSK or CCSP. Which one to go with? This one is tough to answer as both are excellent certifications backed by respected organizations. I have attempted to break it down as per the three criteria below: Experience : The CCSK does not have an experience requirement, and passing the exam is enough, while CCSP requires five years of experience in the cybersecurity industry, with one of those being in the cloud. The CCSK, therefore, is more suited to those who are at entry level and want to get into cloud security, whereas the CCSP is more geared towards experienced professionals. Cost : The CCSK exam is much cheaper than the CCSP, which can be pretty expensive, along with those pesky annual payments. Sometimes, companies are happy to reimburse the costs, so check with your employer before proceeding. Industry Standing : Both are respected certs with good standing in the industry. You cannot go wrong with either of them when validating your cloud security expertise. I think which you should go with depends on where you are in your career. If you are a mid to senior-level professional, you should go with the CCSP, while people new to Cloud security should go with the CCSK. 2. Platform-Specific Certs Let us move on to platform-specific certs, which show experience in a specific cloud provider. Cloud platforms like Azure, AWS, and GCP can have hundreds of services, and companies with critical workloads in the cloud want assurance that they can navigate them. A specialized cert will make you stand out in their eyes. Let’s take a look at what cloud security certification path you can take : AWS Certified Security — Specialty AWS is the most popular cloud platform in the world today, and demand for certified AWS professionals is not going down anytime soon. The AWS Certified Security specialty is an excellent certification to show you your way around the massive number of security services present and how to configure services like AWS GuardDuty, Config, Security Hub, etc. AWS recommends having a few years of experience before taking this test. If you do not have any experience with AWS, I would recommend first going with the AWS Solutions Architect Associate — Exam, as that gives you an excellent overview of the different AWS services and makes the AWS security specialty exam much more accessible, in my opinion. Microsoft Azure Security Engineer Associate For those on the Microsoft Azure platform, the Azure Security Engineer associate validates your expertise in configuring security services and data protection. You are expected to have a good knowledge of the platform and understand how the different services interact with each other as per the Microsoft guide : Candidates for this exam should have subject matter expertise implementing Azure security controls that protect identity, access, data, applications, and networks in cloud and hybrid environments as part of an end-to-end infrastructure. One advantage is that most people are usually familiar with Microsoft Services, so the learning curve is not as steep as those new to AWS or Google Platform. Professional Google Cloud Security Engineer Similar to the above two and rounding out the top three providers, the Google Security Engineer proves you can secure design and implement Google Cloud. The foundational elements are similar to Azure and AWS, with the requirement to know concepts like Identity and Access Management, Data protection, key management, etc. This is an excellent cert, and I recommend having it if you plan to work on the Google Cloud. It is also a stepping stone to one of the most in-demand certifications, the Google Professional Cloud Architect Cert ( GPCA ) . Although technically not a security cert, this is one of the hottest certifications year after year and one of the toughest. Choosing The Right Cloud Security Cert As I mentioned earlier which cert you should go for depends on your experience level and what your long term goals are. If you are a beginner then it would make zero sense to go for the CCSP as you will not have the experience requirements. The below roadmap would make more sense. On the other hand if you already have knowledge of Cybersecurity then the CCSK would hold zero value for you. Getting hands-on with a platform and getting the CCSP should be your long term goal similar to the below: Remember The Golden Rule The golden rule when getting any cert is that Skills >>> Certs Cert can validate your expertise and boost your career but remember they are not the end goal. The cloud is a highly challenging field, and you will not go far without hands-on experience. Having lots of certifications will only help during the interview process, but your hard work and experience will make a difference in the long run. Make sure that, along with the cert, you have the required skills to make your cloud career long-lasting and successful!

Directionality of SIEM Logs So you've just picked up your first ticket in the SOC. What do you do now? I hope you're beginning by writing the 5-steps in the 5-step SOC Methodology. Reason Supporting Evidence Analysis Conclusion Next Steps For a reason, you put in the signature or a particular reason why this alarm was triggered. Begin documenting all of the supporting evidence for the alarm, adding source and destination to their appropriate categories as you do so. You are doing this because it's imperative to know the directionality of SIEM logs. The traffic comes from where, to where, over what port, and by what protocol. Let me say that again: the traffic is coming from what IP, to what IP, over what port, and over what protocol? When you get down, you can visualize the primary intent of the traffic. With networking, the destination port will be the open service that the source IP address is trying to contact from the source IP address. If no service is running at that port, or if it's not open, then the source IP address cannot connect to the destination IP address. So, the next thing you want to see is if the connection was successful. Just because an attacker tried to connect to a service doesn't mean it was there and accepted the connection. It can get rejected by the firewall or the host itself if the port is closed, and there is usually evidence of that in the packets or flow data. In our Cyber Range, you can see that the dionaea_action accepted the connection, resulting in a successful connection to the honeypot. This is a field generated by the honeypot in the log to let us know that the traffic was allowed into the host. So there's no host-based firewall preventing the traffic from entering and making a connection. There may be a similar log if a firewall in front of this honeypot says that the connection was allowed. If the connection was rejected, you can likely close the alert as benign or false positive. Benign meant the activity happened but couldn't hurt anything. It's essential to know the directionality of traffic and where a connection started. If you see that the source port is 80 and the destination port is 3932, then it is likely to be return traffic , and you're not looking at the first packet in the sequence. You know this because port 80 is a lower port (typically below 1024), and these are reserved for host services. Port 80 is typically a web server, so it only makes sense that this is a web server that is returning traffic and you need to then verify that. However, it is common sometimes to land on an event where this might be the particular packet that caused the alarm to trigger. Still, it wasn't the origin of the traffic, and the SIEM has got its directionality backward. Now you know that this traffic should be reversed and that the true source IP address is the one that has a high source port. You can typically close these out as false positives quickly after you understand the traffic flow and if it matches the intent of the reason it fired. Tyler Wall is the founder of Cyber NOW Education. He holds bills for a Master of Science from Purdue University and CISSP, CCSK, CFSR, CEH, Sec+, Net+, and A+ certifications. He mastered the SOC after having held every position from analyst to architect and is the author of three books, 100+ professional articles, and ten online courses specifically for SOC analysts. You can connect with him on LinkedIn . You can sign up for a Lifetime Membership  of Cyber NOW® with a special deal for 15% off with coupon code "KB15OFF" which includes all courses, certification, the cyber range, the hacking lab, webinars, the extensive knowledge base, forums, and spotlight eligibility, to name a few benefits. Download the Azure Security Labs  eBook from the Secure Style Store. These labs walk you through several hands-on fun labs in Microsoft Azure, leaving you with the know-how to create a gig in Fiverr or Upwork to start your cybersecurity freelancing. Some of our free resources include the  Forums , the Knowledge Base , our True Entry Level SOC Analyst Jobs , Job Hunting Application Tracker , Resume Template ,  and Weekly Networking Checklist . Ensure you create an account or enter your email to stay informed of our free giveaways and promos, which we often offer. Check out my latest book,  Jump-start Your SOC Analyst Career: A Roadmap to Cybersecurity Success,  2nd edition, published June 1st, 2024, and winner of the 2024 Cybersecurity Excellence Awards and a finalist in the Best Book Awards. If you enjoy audiobooks, I suggest the Audible version, but you can also get it in beautiful paperback, kindle, or PDF versions. The downloadable PDF version can be grabbed here .

Many threat intelligence companies are out there trying to sell you on the idea that they have the best threat intelligence indicators and will charge a fortune for them. In this KB, as a future analyst, I want to clarify that most indicators have a shelf life of four hours on average. That's right, and you can't find this number anywhere on the internet because it is buried under years of marketing material saying indicators are good for much longer time frames. It used to be common knowledge. Even AI will tell you: This is not true. This is how to determine the shelflife of IOCs and this is why it's not true: Let's start with IP addresses. Today, we use the cloud for most of our infrastructure, as do the bad guys. These bad guys spin up infrastructure, launch attacks, and destroy it, and by the time you're analyzing it in the SOC, it could belong to a completely different host. This window is even shorter than four hours for IP addresses in modern cybersecurity. It is very easy to change what is served at a particular IP address. Next, let's talk about domain names. Phishing websites often use spoofed or fat-fingered domains, launch an attack via email, and wait a little bit for responses. When they have a few, they redirect the domain to the legitimate domain. This window is often around four hours, but you can never be sure because they change what is served on that domain name in near real-time today. If you see a command and control at a domain, many use dynamic DNS, so the domains also change rapidly. File hashes are permanent. Once a file is hashed and on Virustotal, that exact file hash will live in infamy for the rest of the time, and you can verify its reputation. However, malware works in that attackers use slight variants of malicious files so that they have a completely different file hash. You can't say a file is suitable because it doesn't have a reputation on VirusTotal. You'll have to sandbox it yourself, and by the time those results are up, hackers will be using slight variants again with entirely different hashes. The AV game went to behavioral for this entire reason: how easy it was to bypass signature-based reputation checks. Changing a file to escape reputational checks or putting one file in another is very easy. Email addresses aren't good IOCs. It is elementary to change the email address you're sending from as an attacker. This AI stuff is such a mess. AI will believe any marketing material if you say it long enough. I want you to remember that even the best threat intelligence goes stale exceptionally quickly, and the best and most reliable threat intelligence will always come from internal to your network. Tyler Wall is the founder of Cyber NOW Education. He holds bills for a Master of Science from Purdue University and CISSP, CCSK, CFSR, CEH, Sec+, Net+, and A+ certifications. He mastered the SOC after having held every position from analyst to architect and is the author of three books, 100+ professional articles, and ten online courses specifically for SOC analysts. You can connect with him on LinkedIn . You can sign up for a Lifetime Membership  of Cyber NOW® with a special deal for 15% off with coupon code "KB15OFF" which includes all courses, certification, the cyber range, the hacking lab, webinars, the extensive knowledge base, forums, and spotlight eligibility, to name a few benefits. Download the Azure Security Labs  eBook from the Secure Style Store. These labs walk you through several hands-on fun labs in Microsoft Azure, leaving you with the know-how to create a gig in Fiverr or Upwork to start your cybersecurity freelancing. Some of our free resources include the  Forums , the Knowledge Base , our True Entry Level SOC Analyst Jobs , Job Hunting Application Tracker , Resume Template ,  and Weekly Networking Checklist . Ensure you create an account or enter your email to stay informed of our free giveaways and promos, which we often offer. Check out my latest book,  Jump-start Your SOC Analyst Career: A Roadmap to Cybersecurity Success,  2nd edition, published June 1st, 2024, and winner of the 2024 Cybersecurity Excellence Awards and a finalist in the Best Book Awards. If you enjoy audiobooks, I suggest the Audible version, but you can also get it in beautiful paperback, kindle, or PDF versions. The downloadable PDF version can be grabbed here .

Cybersecurity Career Paths: Exploring Various Roles The cybersecurity field has a few different cybersecurity career paths for career opportunities. Each role has varying skill sets and focus. This article will show you the different jobs in cybersecurity, from entry-level positions like Security Analysts to more advanced jobs like Security Architects. Each role plays an important part in safeguarding information systems and responding to threats. Understanding the typical career progression - from Analyst to Engineer to Architect - can help you plan your own career path. Whether you are just starting your journey in cybersecurity or looking to advance your career, this article will help you understand the opportunities and challenges that come with each move. SOC Analyst What You Will Do A SOC Analyst helps keep a company's computer systems and information safe. They watch for any strange activity on the network and look into security problems. Security Analysts decide if something is malicious using data and doing response actions for everyday things. They often collaborate with other IT professionals to develop and maintain security protocols. At times, they may also be involved in incident response planning. Skills You Will Need SOC Analysts need to know a lot about cybersecurity basics. They should be good at using security tools and understanding how networks work. They also need to know how to spot and respond to threats. Being able to solve problems and think critically is essential. A good analyst can explain complicated security ideas to people who know little about technology. It's helpful if they know about laws that protect data and how to handle security incidents. Knowledge of regulatory frameworks, such as GDPR or HIPAA, and experience with incident management processes are also valuable assets. How Hard It Is to Get This Job This is often a starting job in cybersecurity. Unfortunately, this does not mean it will be so easy to land. Because there is fierce competition for these entry-level roles, you may need to take a role that is less than ideal. To break into the field you may have to take an overnight role. The good news is that because it is an entry-level role, there is turnover. After a few years of working as an entry-level analyst, most will try to move into a more senior role. Some companies will hire people just starting if they know the basics of IT and cybersecurity. Looking for internships or entry-level IT jobs to gain experience can also help. You will also need to have certifications like CompTIA Security+.  Career Progression Junior SOC Analyst to Senior SOC Analyst Career progression for SOC Analysts will begin with roles like Junior SOC (Security Operations Center) Analyst. You will start out by gaining hands-on experience in monitoring and responding to security incidents. Once you have acquired the necessary experience and expertise you can advance to the Senior SOC Analyst position. This is where you can take on more complex responsibilities, including handling more complex incidents and mentoring junior analysts. Expectation to Mentor Junior Team Members as a Senior As SOC Analysts progress to senior roles, they are often expected to mentor and train junior team members. You will directly or indirectly mentor new talent within the organization. In doing so you will reinforce your leadership skills. When experienced analysts share what they know, they contribute to building a strong defense against cyber threats for their organization, while also enhancing their own professional growth. Security Engineer What You Will Do A Security Engineer builds and takes care of an organization's security systems. In this role, you will create security plans, set up security tools, and make sure data stays safe across all systems. The job includes finding possible security risks and implementing systems that spot intruders. You will often work with other IT teams to deploy and maintain security tools. Security Engineers design a company's digital defenses, always working to stay ahead of the bad guys. Skills You Will Need Understanding security tools and how networks work is crucial. You should also know about security rules like NIST or ISO 27001. Being able to write code in languages like Python and learning how to use security software like SIEM systems is essential. Good problem-solving skills and critical thinking are needed for this job. You'll also need to communicate well, especially when explaining tech stuff to non-tech people. It's helpful to keep learning about new security threats and how to stop them because there are always new ones popping up. How Hard Is It to Get This Job Becoming a Security Engineer is not an entry-level job. Companies want people who already know a lot about cybersecurity and have some experience. The typical expectation is that you will have about 3 to 5 years of Analyst experience before qualifying for an engineering role. Most Security Engineers start as SOC Analysts. This helps them learn the basics before moving up. Working on personal projects is a good way to show off your skills. Being eager to learn new things can also help you stand out because there will always be constant changes. Career Progression As a SOC Analyst, you learn how to spot and respond to security threats. This experience is really useful when you become an engineer and start designing security systems. As you grow in your career, you'll take on more complex projects. You might lead big security initiatives or help plan the overall security strategy for your company. After working as a Security Engineer for a while, you might aim to become a Security Architect. This is a higher-level job where you design the big-picture security plan for an organization. You'll need to understand both the technical side of security and how it fits into the business goals of the company. To move up to this role, you'll need to keep improving your technical skills, learn more about business strategy, develop leadership skills, and get experience managing large-scale security projects. Within cybersecurity, there's always more to learn. Staying curious and open to new ideas can help you go far in this career! Security Architect What You Will Do A Security Architect designs the big picture of an organization's security system. They figure out what security measures a company needs and create plans to put those measures in place. You would need to make sure the company's security setup matches its business goals. As with the other roles, you will still look for weak spots in the company's systems and come up with ways to make them stronger. You will collaborate even more with the different teams in the company to make sure everyone understands and follows the security plans. Since you will be working with the Director level and above more frequently you will need to translate business goals into technical solutions. Skills You Will Need To be a good Security Architect, you should be knowledgeable in several areas of security. You should understand how networks, applications, and cloud systems stay secure. It will also be important to know the security rules and standards like ISO 27001 or NIST by heart. At this point, you should have extensive practice and skill at solving complex problems and thinking critically. You will need to be a great communicator when explaining what you are doing because you'll often talk to people who aren't tech experts. Planning big projects and thinking about long-term strategies will become part of your day-to-day. How Hard It Is to Get This Job Becoming a Security Architect is not easy. It's a high-level job that usually requires a lot of experience. Most companies look for people who have worked in cybersecurity for at least 7 to 10 years. You often need to have worked as a Security Engineer or in a similar role first. This is because the job needs someone who really understands how security systems work in the real world. It can be a challenging position to get. But for those who put in the time and effort to build their skills and experience, it's incredibly rewarding. Career Progression Many Security Architects start out as Security Engineers, who started out as SOC Analysts. As you continue in your career you gain more knowledge, hands-on experience, and critical thinking skills. You should also continue to think about the big picture in everything you do and always plan for the long term. Some Security Architects move into roles like Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) where they're in charge of all of the company's security efforts. These roles require more and more leadership skills. In this role, you will not only plan and execute the security strategy but also oversee many employees. The key is to keep learning and improve at both the technical side of security and the business side of running a company. DFIR Teams What is a DFIR Team? A Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) team is a specialized group of cybersecurity experts who focus on identifying, investigating, stopping, reversing the damage, and analyzing security incidents and data breaches. This team will include Incident Responders, Forensic Analysts, Tier III Incident Response practitioners, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), Security Operations Center (SOC) staff, IT personnel, Privacy Officers, and legal teams.  Incident Responders are the 'firefighters' in the team because they work on active threats. While the Forensic Analysts are like the 'detectives' because their focus is on collecting and analyzing digital evidence.  DFIR teams need to detect and respond to cyber threats and at the same time preserve digital evidence that can be used in legal proceedings. They follow a structured process that includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident activities. They need to make sure that the evidence they gather will be admissible in court cases, useful for insurance claims, or during regulatory audits. Their work can be used in criminal proceedings so they need to follow a strict chain of custody when collecting and handling any potential evidence. The combination of digital forensics (DF) and incident response (IR) skills makes it so the DFIR teams can provide a comprehensive report of security incidents, from initial breaches to full remediation and future prevention. Their detailed investigations and reports can help find the source of specific attacks or threats and support legal actions against cybercriminals. Incident Responder What You Will Do An Incident Responder is like a firefighter for computer systems. When there's a more serious security problem, you're the first one to jump in to fix it. You'll look for signs of trouble in the company's networks and computers. When you find a problem, you’ll work quickly to stop it from getting worse. Your job is to figure out what's going wrong and how to fix it fast. After the crisis is over, you will make sure it doesn't happen again by writing reports and suggesting ways to improve security. Skills You Will Need To be a good Incident Responder, you need to have extensive knowledge of how computer systems work and how they can be attacked. You should be good at solving puzzles and thinking critically and be able to stay calm when under pressure. Knowing how to use tools that detect threats and protect systems is essential for the role. You must also be familiar with different types of attacks and how to stop them. Being able to explain technical things in simple terms will be an invaluable skill as you relay information to individuals who may be unfamiliar with technical terms.  How Hard Is It to Get This Job Getting a job as an Incident Responder can be challenging, but it's not impossible. Most companies want people who already have some experience in cybersecurity or IT. Many started out in roles like SOC Analyst to learn the basics first. Sometimes, companies will train their own employees to become Incident Responders. This can be a good way to move into the role if you're already working in IT at a company. Having certifications like GIAC Certified Incident Handler (GCIH) or CompTIA CySA+ can also help you stand out. And, most Incident Responders start out as SOC analysts. Career Progression As you grow in your career as an Incident Responder, you might take on more complex cases or start leading teams. You could move up to become a Senior Incident Responder or an Incident Response Team Lead. Some Incident Responders go on to become Security Managers or even Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs). If you enjoy solving problems and keeping people safe online, this could be a great career path for you. Don't forget to work on your leadership skills as well. Forensic Analyst What You Will Do A Forensic Analyst is like a detective for digital crimes. When something bad has happened to a computer system, you're the one who looks for clues to figure out exactly what occurred. You might need to recover deleted files or look through lots of data to find evidence. Your work often helps with legal cases, so you need to be very careful and accurate. You'll use specialized tools to examine computers, phones, and other devices to understand what happened during a security incident or cybercrime. Skills You Will Need To be a good Forensic Analyst, you need to be very detail-oriented and patient. You should be comfortable using special software to look at data closely. You'll also need to know about the legal rules for handling evidence because your work might be used in legal proceedings. Being good writer will help you create clear reports that can be easily understood by both technical and non-technical people. In some cases, knowledge of programming and scripting can be helpful for automating some of your tasks. How Hard Is It to Get This Job Becoming a Forensic Analyst can be tricky because it's a specialized job. Most companies look for people who already have a background in cybersecurity and often want some experience in IT or security roles. You will need special training or certifications in digital forensics, like the GIAC Certified Forensic Examiner (GCFE) or the EnCase Certified Examiner (EnCE). Some people start out as Incident Responders or SOC Analysts and then move into forensics as they gain more experience. While it can be challenging to get into this field the more skilled you become the closer you will be to qualifying to be a Forensic Analyst. Career Progression As you advance in your career as a Forensic Analyst, you might specialize even more. For example, you could specialize in financial crimes or mobile device forensics. You could move up to become a Senior Forensic Analyst or a Digital Forensics Team Lead. It's common to see a Forensics analyst have a law enforcement background - they've come from law enforcement, worked in the SOC, and then moved into forensics. Others might move into roles like Security Consultant or Digital Forensics Manager. With experience, you could even start your own digital forensics consulting firm. Because cyber crime never stops there will always be opportunities to learn and grow in this career. Penetration Tester  What You Will Do A Penetration Tester is also called an Ethical Hacker. You can compare it to a professional burglar hired by the good guys. Your job is to try to break into a company's computer systems but with permission. You'll look for weak spots in networks, websites, and apps that bad hackers could use to cause trouble. When you find these weak spots, you'll tell the company how to fix them. As a result, you will write reports explaining what you found and how the company can make its systems safer. Skills You Will Need To be a good Penetration Tester, you need to think like a hacker but act like a guardian. You should be great at solving puzzles and thinking creatively. Knowing how to write computer code is important, especially in languages like Python. You'll need to understand how networks and computer systems work because you will be using hacking tools to break into them but in a safe and legal way. Not unlike the other roles mentioned, you will absolutely need to know how to explain complex technical concepts in basic terms. You will need to help people understand what you've found and how to fix those security risks. How Hard Is It to Get This Job Becoming a Penetration Tester is one of the toughest jobs to get in cybersecurity. It's like trying to become a professional athlete - lots of people want to do it, but only a few make it. Most companies want someone who already knows a lot about cybersecurity and has experience finding and fixing security problems. Most will have worked as SOC Analysts first. Certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) or Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) can help you out. But even with these, it can be hard to get your foot in the door. Many successful Penetration Testers start by practicing their skills in safe, legal ways, like participating in bug bounty programs or working on their own test systems. Career Progression As you grow in your career as a Penetration Tester, you might focus on specific types of systems or security problems. You could become a specialist in testing web applications, mobile apps, or even internet-connected devices like smart home gadgets. Some Penetration Testers move up to lead teams or become security consultants. As a consultant, your work would entail advising big companies on how to improve their defenses. The field of ethical hacking is always changing because new technologies and new types of attacks are always being created. This means you'll need to keep learning throughout your career. If you enjoy the challenge of outsmarting tricky security problems and helping to make the digital world safer, this could be an exciting career path for you, but it will not be without challenges. Conclusion The cybersecurity field offers a few career paths, each with its unique challenges and opportunities. From entry-level SOC Analysts to advanced roles like Security Architects, and specialized positions such as Incident Responders, Forensic Analysts, and Penetration Testers, getting hands-on experience is key for professional growth. Each role demands a specific set of skills, ranging from technical expertise in network security and coding to soft skills like problem-solving, critical thinking, and effective communication. The career progression in cybersecurity is marked by continuous learning, real-world experience, and the ability to adapt. Even though the path can be challenging, your passion for cybersecurity can help you overcome any obstacles that may arise.  The competition for entry-level positions can be intense, but your dedication, persistence, and commitment will help you advance to higher roles.  Whether you're just starting out or looking to advance your career, don't be discouraged by the challenges. Instead, view them as opportunities to hone your skills, gain valuable experience, and prove your worth in the field.